JourneymanIQ
Electrical Glossary

25+ terms every TX journeyman needs cold.

Plain-English definitions of the terms you’ll see on the TDLR exam and on the job. No textbook fluff.

  • Ampacity

    Article 310 · Table 310.16

    How much current a conductor can carry continuously without overheating its insulation. Measured in amps.

    Table 310.16 is where most ampacity questions land. Different insulation, different number.

  • Bonding

    Article 250

    Connecting metal parts together so they stay at the same voltage. Different from grounding.

    Bonding stops a hot enclosure from killing you when something goes wrong. The bond keeps everything that could carry fault current at the same potential.

  • Branch Circuit

    Article 210

    The wiring from the breaker to the last outlet. Article 210 covers it.

    Most TDLR questions about ampacity, GFCI, AFCI, and continuous loads live here. Branch circuits are downstream of the panel.

  • Continuous Load

    210.19(A)(1) · 210.20(A)

    A load that runs for three hours or more at maximum current.

    The 125 percent multiplier rule applies. Easy two points lost when guys forget this on the exam.

  • Demand Factor

    Article 220 · Tables 220.45 and 220.55

    A multiplier that reduces a calculated load because not every appliance runs at the same time.

    Dwelling lighting demand and household range demand are the two big tables to know cold.

  • Equipment Grounding Conductor (EGC)

    Article 250 · Table 250.122

    The bare or green wire that bonds metal parts back to the breaker so a fault trips the overcurrent device.

    Sized from Table 250.122 by the rating of the breaker, not by the load amps.

  • Feeder

    Article 215

    The conductor between the service equipment and a downstream panel that supplies branch circuits.

    Sized differently from branch circuits. Feeder is upstream of the panel; branch is downstream.

  • Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

    210.8

    A device that shuts off power when current leaks to ground. Trips at 4 to 6 milliamps.

    Required in bathrooms, kitchens, garages, outdoor receptacles, and other listed locations. Search for the full term in the index, not just GFCI.

  • Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI)

    210.12

    A device that shuts off power when it detects the electrical signature of an arc, the kind that starts fires.

    Required on most dwelling branch circuits, including bedrooms, family rooms, dining rooms, and kitchens.

  • Grounded Conductor

    Article 200

    The neutral. The white or gray wire that carries unbalanced current back to the source.

    Watch for 'grounded' versus 'grounding.' One letter changes the article and the answer.

  • Grounding Electrode Conductor (GEC)

    Article 250 · Table 250.66

    The wire that connects the service to the grounding electrodes: rods, water pipe, ground ring, or concrete-encased electrode.

    Sized from Table 250.66 by the largest ungrounded service conductor. Capped at 6 AWG copper to a rod, 4 AWG copper to a concrete-encased electrode.

  • Luminaire

    Article 410

    Light fixture. The NEC and the index use this word, not 'fixture' and not 'light.'

    If you search for 'fixture' on a luminaire question you will wander. Use the Code's vocabulary.

  • Multiwire Branch Circuit

    210.4

    A circuit with two or more ungrounded conductors that share a common neutral.

    Requires simultaneous disconnect of all ungrounded conductors. The neutral pigtail rule applies at every device.

  • Outlet

    Article 100

    Any point on the wiring system where current is taken to supply equipment. Broader than 'receptacle.'

    A lighting outlet is not a receptacle outlet. Watch the qualifier on the exam.

  • Overcurrent Protective Device (OCPD)

    Article 240

    The fuse or breaker. The NEC says OCPD; jobsite says 'breaker' or 'fuse.'

    Standard ampere ratings sit in Table 240.6(A). Tab that table.

  • Raceway

    Chapter 9 Tables 1, 4, 5

    Any conduit, EMT, PVC, or pathway built to carry conductors. Covers a lot of ground.

    Chapter 9 Tables 1, 4, and 5 are the conduit fill math. One conductor 53 percent, two 31, more than two 40.

  • Receptacle

    Article 406

    The contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of an attachment plug.

    Search for 'receptacles' in the index, not 'plugs' and not 'outlets.' Plugs are attachment plugs.

  • Service

    Article 230

    The conductors and equipment that deliver electricity from the utility to the wiring system on the customer side.

    Service rules apply only on the line side of the service disconnect. Once you cross the disconnect, different rules.

  • Service Entrance Conductors

    230 Part IV

    The conductors that run from the service drop or service lateral to the service equipment.

    Different rules than feeders. Tab Article 230 to keep them separate.

  • Short Circuit

    Article 100

    An unintended low-resistance path between two conductors that should not be touching. Trips the breaker fast.

    Different from a ground fault. Short circuit is hot to neutral or hot to hot. Ground fault is hot to a grounded surface.

  • Ground Fault

    Article 100

    An unintended path between an ungrounded conductor and any grounded surface, including the EGC.

    GFCI devices catch low-current ground faults that wouldn't trip a breaker. Different protection, different threshold.

  • Tap Conductor

    240.21

    A conductor that connects to an existing circuit at a point other than the overcurrent device.

    Tap rules in 240.21 are exam favorites. The 10-foot tap rule and the 25-foot tap rule have different conditions.

  • Voltage Drop

    210.19(A)(1) IN 4 · Chapter 9 Table 8

    The voltage lost across a conductor due to its resistance. Calculated from K factor, current, distance, and circular mils.

    Branch circuit recommendation is 3 percent. Combined branch and feeder is 5 percent. Informational notes, not mandatory rules, but TDLR tests the math.

  • Working Space

    110.26 · Table 110.26(A)(1)

    The clear area required in front of electrical equipment for safe operation and maintenance.

    Width, depth, and height are all spelled out. Table 110.26(A)(1) is your friend.

  • Wet Location

    Article 100

    A location subject to saturation with water or other liquids. Underground, in concrete in direct contact with earth, or unprotected outdoors all qualify.

    Different from a damp location. Wet locations require wet-rated conductors and equipment.

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